Probability theory | Definition, Examples, & Facts | Britannica
Oct 16, 2025 · Probability theory, a branch of mathematics concerned with the analysis of random phenomena. The outcome of a random event cannot be determined before it occurs, but it may be …
Probability theory - Distributions, Random Variables, Events | Britannica
Oct 16, 2025 · The mathematical theory of probability is the same regardless of one’s interpretation of the concept, although the importance attached to various results can depend very much on the …
Probability and statistics | History, Examples, & Facts | Britannica
Nov 14, 2025 · Probability and statistics, the branches of mathematics concerned with the laws governing random events, including the collection, analysis, interpretation, and display of numerical …
Birthday problem | Definition, Solution, Equations, & Facts | Britannica
Nov 15, 2025 · probability and statistics, the branches of mathematics concerned with the laws governing random events, including the collection, analysis, interpretation, and display of numerical …
Probability theory and its application | Britannica
Probability theory, a branch of mathematics concerned with the analysis of random phenomena. The outcome of a random event cannot be determined before it occurs, but it may be any one of several …
Expected value | Definition, Examples, Formula, & Facts | Britannica
Nov 14, 2025 · The probability of all possible outcomes is factored into the calculations for expected value in order to determine the expected outcome in a random trial of an experiment.
Central limit theorem | Probability, Distribution & Statistics | Britannica
Nov 6, 2025 · The basic sampling design is simple random sampling, based on probability theory. In this form of random sampling, every element of the population being sampled has an equal probability of …
Law of large numbers | Probability, Sampling & Estimation | Britannica
Nov 28, 2025 · He and his contemporaries were developing a formal probability theory with a view toward analyzing games of chance. Bernoulli envisaged an endless sequence of repetitions of a …
Bayes’s theorem | Definition & Example | Britannica
Nov 14, 2025 · Bayes’s theorem, in probability theory, a means for revising predictions in light of relevant evidence, also known as conditional probability or inverse probability.
Probability theory - Birthday Problem, Statistics, Mathematics | Britannica
Oct 16, 2025 · An application of the law of total probability to a problem originally posed by Christiaan Huygens is to find the probability of “ gambler’s ruin.” Suppose two players, often called Peter and …